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Dense plexus of small fibers in the DRD at the midline. G: Magnification of the boxed area in H showing a single midline plexus in DRD. F: Magnification of the boxed area in E showing bilateral plexuses in DRL. Dense clusters of small fibers in the DRL and network of medium-sized fibers in the VLPAG. D: Magnification of small fibers in the DMPAG from boxed area in C. Small and medium-sized fibers ascend dorsally between the right and left fasciculus retroflexus (fr) immediately rostral to PAG. A: Sagittal section near the midline showing AVP-ir pathways travelling dorsally toward the PAG through the rostral midbrain (left arrow) and caudally through the IF and CLi (right arrow) toward the DR. Periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nuclei.
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Scattered small fibers in the caudal extent of the LHb, with primarily medium-sized fibers in the PV. H: A sagittal section (lateral 0.48 mm) shows the pathway of AVP-ir fibers arching dorsally just ventral to the stria medullaris, with dense fiber plexuses in the LHb and MD. Dense cluster of small fibers in the LHb, with light innervation of the PV and IMD. F: Magnification of MD from B illustrates density of fibers in this region. Small fibers in the Xi just dorsal to the third ventricle. Small fibers in the LHb and IAD and in the PV just ventral to the dorsal aspect of the third ventricle. Dense plexus of small fibers in the MD and additional small fibers in the PV, CM, and Rh.
Avp animal i have become Pc#
Dense plexus of small fibers in the MD and additional fibers in the CM and PC surrounding the PT. Small fibers in the PVA and periphery of the PT, Arrow points at a dense cluster of fibers dorsal to the PT. Our data also highlight the robust nature of AVP innervation in specific regulatory nuclei, such as the ventral tegmental area and dorsal raphe nucleus among others, that are implicated in the regulation of many behaviors. In general, our results suggest that, compared with other species, the mouse has a particularly robust and widespread distribution of AVP-ir fibers, which, as in other species, originates from a number of different cell groups in the telencephalon and diencephalon. We also provide a detailed description of AVP-ir innervation in heterogenous regions such as the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and ventral forebrain. We describe AVP-immunoreactive (-ir) fibers in midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord areas, which have not previously been reported in mice, including innervation of the ventral tegmental area, dorsal and median raphe, lateral and medial parabrachial, solitary, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, and interfascicular nuclei. With C57BL/6 mice, we used immunohistochemistry to corroborate the location of AVP-containing cells and to define the location of AVP-containing fibers throughout the mouse central nervous system. Although mice have become an important model for studying this regulation, there is no comprehensive description of AVP distribution in the mouse brain and spinal cord. The neuropeptide vasopressin (AVP) has been implicated in the regulation of numerous physiological and behavioral processes.